Mao zedong Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mao zedong - Research Paper Example He became the main participator in the United Front. Mao was appointed as leader of the Peasant Movement Training Institute. Mao’s work included organizational and ideological instruction for peasant leaders. The opportunity opened Mao’s eyes to the potential of the Chinese peasants to engage in a revolution.2 Mao married Yang Kaihui, a daughter of one of his Beijing University’s mentors, in 1921. In 1930, Yang was executed by the Kuomintang. However, Mao had begun to stay with an 18-year old girl, He Zizhen. In the next nine years, they had sired five children. Mao divorced He in 1937 and married Jiang Qing. 1937 became a cataclysmic year for every person involved in the Chinese Revolution. Mao and his fellow Communists were involved in the futile southern China after the April Shanghai coup. The experience resulted into a distrust of Soviet advice. There was a deep animosity toward Chiang Kaishek that resulted in a search for new strategies to a mass-based revolution. Mao moved with a small group of loyalists to Jinggangshan, a mountainous and forested region in the province of Jiangxi. It was here that Mao faced the reality of real rural revolution.3 The political attitudes of Mao materialized against a background of great crisis in China in early 20th century. China was weak and divided. The main national problems were the need to reunify China and to expel foreign occupiers. Mao, who was young, was seen as a nationalist. He was strongly anti-imperialist and anti-Western and even before becoming attracted to Marxism. His nationalism combined with his combativeness to admire the martial spirit- martial spirit later became a pillar of Maoism. 4 There was a strong need for change and social reform. China’s social structure was obsolete. For instance, the gentry class was an obstacle to modernization. This class dominated the peasants, who comprised the significant majority

Organizational Verbal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Verbal Communication - Essay Example One disadvantage of internal verbal communication is that information passed may be incomplete, thus rendering it unreliable (Sathya & Bhagaban, 2009). Incompleteness of information may result from failure of the communicator to include important issues in the message, or may result from lack of good communication skills. One main advantage of internal verbal communication is that it is fast, and individual members or groups working within an organization can be reached easily with messages (Sathya & Bhagaban, 2009). Managers can employ this method of communication to communicate to a large group within a very short time, thus ending up saving a lot of time and other resources that could have been utilized if other forms of communication, such as written communication method, could have been used. Face-to-face communication is instantaneous. It is always used in situations such as meetings or in interviews where quick response and clarification is needed immediately, thus making it t he most effective form of communication in such situations (Sathya & Bhagaban, 2009). Moreover, little time is also spent in passing information, and individuals can respond to each other or seek clarifications instantly. One main disadvantage of this form of communication is that it mostly relies on memory (Sathya & Bhagaban, 2009). When important information is required from somebody, maybe at the time he/she were not prepared to respond, they might give wrong information due to inability to remember some information. As such, the information shared in this manner end up being inaccurate and therefore unreliable. Telephone and voicemail are forms of communication that makes it possible to pass and receive quick information that does not need to be written down. Telephone is very quick in case one wants to make inquiries, or when one wants to pass urgent information.

Journal Entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Journal Entry - Essay Example The speaker had a clear topic and memorable attention getter. This is because her work was clearly organized; thus, she captured the attention of the listener through use of memorable getter such use of startling and quotation statements. Furthermore, it was easy to identify the speaker’s main points because she prepared the speech points in a clear and coherent manner. The speaker also made effective transition by moving from one point to another; thus connecting listeners effectively. The speaker used some citations within the points, which was easy to identify; thus effective for jogging the memory of the listener in case one forgets the speech. Moreover, the speaker reviewed the main points in the conclusion and this was imperative because it builds the credibility of the listener. In this ways, the speaker demonstrated that she has some expertise or experience relevant to the topic and demonstrated to the listeners that she has gained information in other ways. The speake r used memorable concluding devices such as quotations for closing the speech. The speaker had some distracting nonverbal behaviors especially the body language, posture and appearance that took away from the content of her message. However, the speaker used gestures such as deliberate movements and signals, which were effective ways of expressing the meaning of the information without words. She also used visual aspects in order to help the listener to understand clearly the points she was explaining such as diagrams and simple charts.

Is death denied in contemporary Australian society Provide examples to Essay

Is death denied in contemporary Australian society Provide examples to support your argument - Essay Example The emergence of hospices and palliative care teams has done much to improve this difficult area of healthcare. Nursing and hospice care professionals, rather than doctors and surgeons, are more routinely faced with dilemmas which related to the dignity of the person, and the way that psychological and social factors can impact positively or negatively on the experiences of patients, relatives and medical staff. This is an area which is less well researched, and the present paper considers the widely held assumption that Australian society generally denies death, and seeks to protect its citizens from facing up to the emotional consequences of death for themselves and their close relatives. At the present time there are heated debates about the ethical and moral issues surrounding death, ranging from support for medically assisted deaths, to vehement opposition of any intervention that could potentially hasten death. These are important issues which Australian society must tease out and openly examine if it is to provide the kind of end of life care that patients expect. The alleged tendency of Australian society to deny death could be seen as endangering attempts to improve end of life care. If people prefer to distance themselves from death, and to avoid talking or thinking about it then it is very difficult to work out what kind of treatment or care would be their ideal preference. For this reason it is important to consider attitudes and cultural values on a wide scale when considering medical and social processes. A medical service which is out of tune with the prevailing culture is unlikely to provide a sensitive and appropriate level of care. A closer look at this intriguing area of healthcare studies reveals that the whole â€Å"death denying† label may not be quite as accurate an assessment as it appears on first sight. Historians such as Jalland (2002) and Davis and George (1990) trace the evolution of Australian beliefs and customs from the ab original concepts of â€Å"The Eternal Dreaming† to the experiences of Australian soldiers in the First World War who were taught to repress the horrors of mass warfare with the so-called â€Å"stiff upper lip,† (Jalland, 2002, 306) and to a much more mixed modern situation where multiple ideologies and customs struggle for prominence. Despite a very evident diversity in modern Australia, this notion that the country is a â€Å"death denying† nation persists into the present day. Evidence for this â€Å"denial of death thesis† is found in the ideas of social scientists in the period from 1955 to 1985. (Zimmermann and Rodin, 2004, 121). Certain traditions such as elaborate funerals and mourning rituals for bereaved families were noted as being important markers of the transition from life to death, in earlier historical periods. In traditional Catholic societies, for example, it was usual to hold a wake to mark the departure of a beloved family member, fol lowed by commemorative mass celebrations. In Jewish societies there are similar commemorative events, and these rituals are deliberately communal and inclusive, providing a supportive framework for bereaved families to lean on while experiencing the first painful stages of loss. (O’Gorman, 1998, 1131-1132) The community as a whole took part in these rituals, and death in such a context

Death is my best theme Essay Example for Free

Death is my best theme Essay Death is my best theme, dont you think? (Williams). Explore the varied uses Tennesse Williams makes of death and dieing in A Streetcar Names Desire Referring to A Streetcar Named Desire, I completely agree that death is Williams best theme, closely followed by sex. There are many references to death as well as imagery and symbolism. He also uses many varied points on death. The first major speech about death is when Blanche is talking about her losing Belle Reve Blanche: All of those deaths! The long parade to the graveyard! Father, mother! Margaret, that dreadful way! So big with it, it couldnt be put in a coffin! This is the first thing that Blanche says that has any power and real feeling behind it and the topic is death. This is showing that death is going to play a large part in the feeling in and behind the story. Blanche: You just came home in time for the funerals, Stella. And funerals are pretty compared to deaths. Funerals are quiet, but deaths-not always. Stella is being associated with the funerals and Blanche with the deaths. This is showing Stella being quiet and Blanche being louder and more highly strung as that is how she has described the difference in her speech. Although on the outside this speech made by Blanche may sound like she is just talking about the deaths of all her family members but it is also relating to the death of Belle Reve and how the two are connected Blanche: How in hell do you think all that sickness and dying was paid for? Death is expensive, Miss Stella! She describes death in quite a lot of detail in this speech; it is showing that death is going to become an important topic in this play. A lot of the deaths seem to be because of the men and their gambling and this could be a view of Williams. Blanche: Honey-thats how it slipped through my fingers! Which of them left us a fortune? In A Streetcar Named Desire a lot of the times when death is being discussed, sex seems to come into the conversation to. There is a strange relation between sex and death here. I let the place go? Where were you. In bed with your-Polak! This is not the strongest reference to death and sex combined although it is a slight one. A much stronger one is Blanches speech about her late husband- Blanche: Then I found out in the worst of all possible ways. By coming suddenly into a room that I though was empty-which wasnt empty, but had two people in it. Blanche: Hed stuck the revolver into his mouth, and fired-so that the back of his head had been-blown away! Seeing her husband have sex with another man and then blow his head off within the time span of two hours causes a strange equation and connection between sex and death. The way he killed himself could also be perceived as a homosexual reference sticking the gun in his mouth. A vendor comes around the corner. She is a blind MEXICAN WOMAN in a dark shawl, carrying bunches of those gaudy tin flowers that lower class Mexicans display at funerals and other festive occasions. Here, the woman carrying the funeral flowers is symbolising two things Death and Blanche. It is ambiguous whether or not any of the other characters can see or are aware of the presence of the Mexican woman except from Blanche. Blanches thoughts seem to be provoked by the Mexican woman and it almost seems as if the Mexican woman is a representation of Blanche herself, and the Mexican woman is walking around celebrating death which shows the death within Blanches past and presence. Mexican Woman: Corones para los muertos. Corones Blanche: Legacies! Huh. And other things such as blood-stained pillow-slips You can really see Blanche going mad in this scene as she is almost talking to herself rather than to Mitch and this symbolises the dying of Blanches mind. She also has fragmented speech patterns here and if talking about incoherent memories that only she can really understand. Blanche: -and on the way back they would all stagger on to my lawn and call-Blanche! Blanche! The deaf old lady remaining suspected nothing. But sometimes I slipped outside to answer their calls. Later the paddy-wagon would gather them up like daisies. the long way home. Another view on death Tennesse Williams uses is the death of Belle Reve. Shown using Blanche and Stanley, there is a clash between two worlds and the Belle Reve world is dying communicated by Stanley taking power of Blanche and bringing her into their world and getting rid of her airs and graces. He breaks her and makes her realise that her old way of living is dead and that she has to enter the real world. In A Streetcar Named Desire the conflict between two ways of life is concentrated within the battle between Blanche and Stanley. The old civilisation vested in Blanche is demonstrably decadent; her only means of survival in the modern world is to batten onto someone else and live off their emotional, physical and material resources, like a decorative fungus. (Commentary). Blanche: I will die with my hand in the hand of some nice-looking ships doctor, a very young one with a small blond moustache and a big silver watch. Blanche: And Ill be buried at sea sewn up in a clean white sack and dropped overboard-at noon-in the blaze of summer-and into an ocean as blue as (chimes again) my first lovers eyes. Blanche brings the equation of sex and death together again here as she is planning of dieing with a man by her side. This speech made by Blanche nearing the end of the play also has a slight reference to Othelia in Shakespeares Hamlet. Othelia died in water and that is what Blanche is dreaming about doing. Queen: One woe doth tread upon anothers heel, So fast they follow. Your sisters drownd, Laertes. Laer: Drownd? O, where? (Hamlet). In conclusion Tennesse Williams uses a lot of different views on death, the connection between sex, the death of other things except people like the death of Belle Reve and Blanches mind, and the death of people who happen to all be someone in Blanches Past. Williams uses different angles to express the theme of death, symbolism of the death of Belle Reve, the Mexican woman symbolising the death of Blanches mind, and the outward talking of real death of people. This makes it an important topic as it depicted in so many ways. Death is defiantly in the running for Tennesse Williams best theme in A Streetcar Named Desire.

Italian Cuisine and Pizza Essay Example for Free

Italian Cuisine and Pizza Essay Pizza is an oven-baked, flat, round bread typically topped with a tomato sauce, cheese and various toppings. Pizza was originally invented in Naples, Italy, and the dish has since become popular in many parts of the world.. Many varieties of pizza exist worldwide, along with several dish variants based upon pizza. Pizza`s in Pakistan The first pizzerias opened up in Karachi and Islamabad in the late 1980s, with Pappasallis serving pizza in Islamabad since 1990. Pizza has gained a measure of popularity in the eastern regions of Pakistan namely, the provinces of Sindh, Punjab, and Azad Kashmir, as well as the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan. Pizza has not penetrated into western Pakistan; of the remaining provinces and territories of Pakistan, only one (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) has seen much of the dish, in the form of a single Pizza Hut in Peshawar. In the regions where pizza is known, spicy chicken and sausage-based pizzas are very popular, as they cater to the local palate. Health matters Advantages European nutrition research on the eating habits of people with cancer of the mouth, oesophagus, throat or colon showed those who ate pizza at least once a week had less chance of developing cancer. , An antioxidant chemical in tomatoes, which is thought to offer some protection against cancer. Carlo La Vecchia, a Milan-based epidemiologist said, Pizza could simply be indicative of a lifestyle and food habits, in other words the Italian version of a Mediterranean diet. A traditional Mediterranean diet is rich in olive oil, fiber, vegetables, fruit, flour, and freshly cooked food. Disadvantages In contrast to the traditional Italian pizza used in the research, popular pizza varieties in many parts of the world are often loaded with high fat cheeses and fatty meats, a high intake of which can contribute to obesity, itself a risk factor for cancer. Pizza can be high in salt, fat and calories. There are concerns about negative health effects. Food chains, such as Pizza Hut, have come under criticism for the high salt content of some of their meals, which were found to contain more than twice the daily recommended amount of salt for an adult. Some mass produced pizzas by food chains have been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Some studies have linked consumption of the antioxidant lycopene, which exists in tomato products that are often used on pizza, as having a beneficial health effect.

Reflection on a Clinical Experience on Staffing Challenge

Reflection on a Clinical Experience on Staffing Challenge Description. As a requirement of my nursing course, am writing an essay on an incident that happened during my clinical experience. This was in a Tier 4 public hospital which serves a whole county within the republic in a densely populated area that has a population of 10 million people as per the latest censes of 2009. It also serves the neighboring counties. It has all the prescribed services of a tier 4 hospital apart from an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and a Renal Unit of which those requiring this service are referred to the country’s National Hospital and are escorted by the nurses on duty. I reported to work one Saturday, a day after reporting in this institution for very first time on rotation as per the nursing council requirement as partial fulfillment for the nursing degree course, in a medical ward that had seventy two inpatients the previous day. To receive us was the night duty staff who confirmed that there were only two of us to man the ward, a resident nurse and I. As the report was being read, I noted that two patients were waiting for blood transfusion and still others needed to be assisted with activities of daily living, and at the same time it was reported from the outpatient department (OPD), that we prepare beds to receive patients from them. After the report, those on night duty left and the resident nurse allocated the duties. She assigned me to administer medication, while she takes care of all the other duties. I asked her how this was possible of which she replied calmly and confidently that on this day, we were â€Å"overstaffed† as most times during the weekend only one nursing staff reports and that everything was going to be just fine. She was happy to have me around! I managed to quickly mentally adjust to this new and unfamiliar setting and hoped for the best. We started off by assisting those that required assistance in activities of daily living and tidying up the ward and then I immediately started off with the drug round alone. Almost half of the patients were on injectable medication meaning that I had to take time to restitute and calculate the doses as prescribed, taking care of infection prevention. The administration of drugs took too long noting that those that had a prescription of eight hourly administration of drugs as per this particular institution should get their doses between 9am and 10am but by the time I was through, it was almost 12.30pm meaning that those that got drugs after 11am were two hours late yet it was the best I could do given the circumstances as the resident nurse was busy with new admissions and attending to those that had been discharged as relatives complained of being kept too long before being attended too. Feelings As the report was being read, I was wondering how the two of us were meant to handle all the patients efficiently and effectively in relation to patient care outcome, not mentioning that we were also meant to admit those who would present during the day. Were we going to be timely in administering drugs? How would we handle an emergency arising in the midst of all the procedures awaiting us? How could the nurse manager leave and be settled wherever she was with such a situation in the ward? As a nurse, am aware that quality of care is more important than quantity yet these two should go hand in hand for positive productivity to be felt. Here I felt that the nurse manager had not forecasted on the staffing requirement for the unit which ought to be as indicated by the following, states, Nursing staffing methodology should be an orderly, systematic process, based upon sound rationale, applied to determine the number and kind of nursing personnel required to provide nursing care of a predetermined standard to a group of patients in a particular setting. The end result is a prediction of the kind and number of staff required to give care to patients (Adelotte Rousell, 2009). When learning as a student it was made clear that two nurses should be assigned administration of drugs as a team so as to counter check on the same and as per the Kenya Nursing Council Procedure Manual 2010. Also with the blood transfusion pending procedure, two nurses were required. I felt very inadequate and unprepared to face the day partly because I had not fully familiarized with these new environment and to me, this was a very big institution to be have had such a noticeable shortage of nursing staff. This is in reference to this institutions mission that reads ‘ To Promote And Provide Quality Curative, Preventive And Rehabilitative Health Services for All Kenyans’ making me feel that the organization in this unit did not put into consideration quality of service but rather left it to fete. According to Rousell (2009), ‘organizations exist to bring people and material to accomplish the work of the organization which should also allow for personal adjustment’, which to me did not seem to be observed as this was my second day in the said hospital. I feared that I would not deliver quality services and that the patients would find fault in me as I felt I would keep on enquiring from the resident nurse on areas that I was not certain. Evaluation What was positive about this situation is that I worked with what I had, here meaning limited consultation. The resident nurse was very supportive with excellent interpersonal communication skills as she treated me with respect and as her equal, and provided me with a brief orientation on how to go about it, giving me confidence to take up the task with ease. I took it positively and interacted with patients very comfortably and at the end of it all I enjoyed my achievement and felt secure to undergo the same task should it so arise. Good communication skills are essential in mentoring new staff as well as goes a long way in removing barriers and obstacles to effective teamwork (Gullatte, 2011). This was what motivated me to carry on with the assigned activity without complaining. The nurse delegated this task to me which is an efficient time management tool and made me comfortable by reassuring me that she would be accountable and responsible to everything that I did and that she would be present in the ward in case of anything. I learnt that self-confidence coupled with a pleasant confident manager is in itself very motivating and felt I would use this skill in future. The patients were very relaxed and some going out of their way to assist me lift those that needed a little help as they took their medication. It made me realize how passionate patients can be once they stay and get to know one another and that they feel helpful once they are allowed to assist. What was negative is that it took too long to accomplish one assignment and that almost three quarters of the patients got their treatment late and did not raise a voice, maybe because they do not know of the right to timely services or are too intimidated to do so. This to me was an ethical issue that needed to be addressed as the full benefit of medication was compromised as a direct result of understaffing. One of the ethical issues in nursing is distributive justice meaning giving a person that which is deserved (Sullivan Decker, 2007). They did not deserve to get medication late. Goal setting for both long and short term are stated in terms of what the patient and the nurse will accomplish providing direction and vision for actions and time frames (WHO, 2010). This to me had not been factored in as the duties were being prepared which left room for risks arising that would cost the patients a lot in terms of long recovery time plus maybe subject them to long hospital stay. This hospital is a teaching institution whereby nursing and other health service providing students come for practice and internship during the weekdays and I could not understand why all the students in all the basic schools are allowed weekend offs. To the best of my understanding, this was the best time to introduce students to the unique working times of health care workers as health issues are not regulated by the time of the day but rather by the demand of the services. I am looking at an opportunity of balancing students throughout the week in contrast to allowing them to overcrowd specific days as had been the case the previous day and overworking the resident nurse over the weekend. I feel that this would have eased the burden had students been allocated weekends as part of their training. I strongly agree that, Addressing the nursing shortage requires a response to the total number of nurses but also the level of nurse’s education due to the fast growing demand and complex patient care, technologies, and a widening scope of knowledge and expertise (McHugh, 2010). Conclusion At the end of the day I was left with mixed feelings on one hand that I had provided services to the best of my ability given the prevailing constraints, and on the other, that the patients didn’t get the kind of quality care meant to be rendered due to staffing shortage. I feel that since decision making is a key function in management, this institution, should as a temporary measure incorporate students in rendering services during the weekends under supervision as happens during weekdays starting off with simple tasks and scaling up responsibilities as they gain confidence. I feel that the nurse managers and the administration ought to call in the policy makers in this county with a well-defined document ,in it the international standards of staffing as per the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in the Workload Indicators Staffing Needs (WISN), It is a method of human resource management tool that provides health managers with a systematic way to make staffing decisions In order to manage human resource well and is based on health workers workload with activity (time) standards applied for each workload component (WHO,2010). The manager should at this sitting have found out the external standards of nursing as developed by non-nurses here meaning the county government in question as I believe they also do have expected practice by the same. This is in confirmation by Burkhardt Nathaniel,( 2008) who have demonstrated that ‘External standards of nursing standards are guides for nursing developed by the government or institutions describing expectations of agencies or groups that utilize services for nurses’. This could go a long way in advocating for hiring of more nurses and is a better platform to effecting productive changes in the running of health services than the industrial actions that nurses undertake due to frustrations other than strikes. According to Rousell (2009), ‘There is strong evidence that adequate number of nursing staff available to care for and coordinate care among the disciplines has an impact on patient outcomes. I want to acknowledge here that from accounts from fellow colleagues, nursing shortage is felt in most institutions but this particular experience was almost horrifying. Action The action plan for me and the entire team is to acquire the WHO, WISN manual and use this tool to make a workable staffing outline and call in the county health committee and present our findings in comparison with the actual on the ground and help make recommendations so that as the policy makers budget for the next financial year, they be advised by this document which will have been prepared by the stakeholders in addition to re- distributing student nurses throughout the week. Reference Burkhardt, M.A, Nathaniel, A.K. (2008).Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing. (3rd ed.).United Kingdom: Delmar. Gullatte, M, M. (2011), Nursing Management Principles and Practice (2nd ed), ONS: Atlanta McHugh, D. (2010), Hospital Staffing and Public Health Emergency Preparedness; Implications for Policy; DOI; 10 111/J 1525-1446.2010.00877X Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc 2998349 Tomey, A, M (2009), Nursing Management and Leadership (8th ed): Mosby, Indiana. WHO, (2010). Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN), ISBN: ISBN 978 92 4 1500197.